When a child strains to follow directions, mixes up words that have very similar sounds, or seems distracted in loud setting, parents might wonder if hearing loss is the issue. But in some situations, the issue might not be with the ears at all: It could be a condition called auditory processing disorder (APD).
Hearing loss and APD share many of the same symptoms, but they’re actually very different conditions that demand distinct assessments and assistance. Below, we’ll break down the main differences to help you support your child’s distinct requirements.
What is Hearing Loss?
Hearing loss describes a reduced ability to sense sound, usually caused by problems in the outer, middle, or inner ear.
There are three primary types:
- Conductive hearing loss: Triggered by blockages or damage in the outer or middle ear (like ear infections or wax accumulation)
- Sensorineural hearing loss: Happens when there is damage to the inner ear or the auditory nerve, which is commonly caused by variables such as aging, exposure to loud noise, or hereditary predisposition
- Combination hearing loss: A blend of both outer/middle ear and inner ear issues
Physicians typically make a diagnosis through conventional hearing tests like audiograms, otoacoustic emissions, or auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. When a child experiences hearing loss, the issue is with their ability to perceive sound at all.
What Does Auditory Processing Disorder Mean?
In contrast, APD is not associated with hearing problems, but instead a neurological issue that impacts the brain’s ability to process and understand auditory information. Kids with APD can hear perfectly fine, but they have trouble making sense of what they hear.
It’s frequently described as “hearing but not understanding.”
Common obstacles faced in everyday scenarios:
- Difficulty following multi-step verbal directions
- Struggling to distinguish between similar sounds or words
- Struggling in loud settings (including classrooms or restaurants)
- Having difficulty recognizing humor, irony, or expressions that aren’t meant to be taken literally
A basic hearing exam may reveal no problems because the ears are functioning normally. But that doesn’t mean everything is functioning as it should. In Auditory Processing Disorder, the problem happens not with hearing the sound itself, but rather with how the brain interprets and processes the sound after it has been detected.
Distinguishing Between Testing and Diagnosis
To diagnose hearing loss, audiologists use traditional hearing tests that assess sound detection. Pinpointing Auditory Processing Disorder involves more in-depth evaluations that extend beyond standard hearing evaluations.
Evaluations frequently involve a multidisciplinary team, including:
- An audiologist to assess auditory processing abilities
- A speech-language pathologist to evaluate language comprehension and communication
- A psychologist should be consulted to determine any hidden attention or learning conditions that may mimic the symptoms of Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Treatment and Support Options
Treatment options for children with hearing loss diagnosis:
- Hearing aids
- Cochlear implants
- Assistive listening devices
- Medical or surgical interventions
Support for Children with APD Diagnosis Typically Includes:
- Speech-language therapy
- Classroom accommodations (e.g., seating changes, written directions)
- Environmental modifications to reduce background noise
- Auditory processing therapy
APD vs. Hearing Loss: Concluding Thoughts
It’s essential to differentiate between hearing loss and auditory processing disorder in order to provide your child with the most reliable support and accommodations. If your child seems to struggle with listening but their hearing test is normal, don’t stop there. The real issue might only be identified by more in-depth assessments. Children with the proper diagnosis and customized treatment approach can excel academically, in their home environment, and in various other aspects of their lives.
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Sources:.
About Hearing Loss in Children|Hearing Loss in Children|CDC.
Auditory processing disorder (APD)– Symptoms and causes– Mayo Clinic.
Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss: Key Differences.
Understanding the Differences: Auditory Processing Disorder vs. Hearing Loss|Hearing.
Associates of Las Vegas.
Auditory Processing Disorder (for Parents)|Nemours KidsHealth.